
刘畅
教授
东北林业大学林学院博士生导师
职业履历
研究方向
木质素是次生细胞壁的重要成分。除了增强次生细胞壁的机械强度和疏水性之外,木质素还作为天然物理屏障抵御病原体入侵。按照该理论,木质素含量下降会干扰植物抗病性。然而,低木质素细胞壁也会介导抗病反应。在多种植物中发现,木质素合成关键酶的RNAi抑制植株或突变体抗病激素水杨酸积累,对病原菌的耐受性增强。然而,其中的信号转导分子机制还有待研究。
我们发现拟南芥编码木质素合成酶 CCR1(Cinnamoyl CoA Reductase 1)的功能缺失突变体与木质素单体合成酶HCT(hydroxycinnamoyl—CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyltranferase)的RNAi株系中,由于次生细胞壁木质素含量降低造成细胞壁发生重塑,在重塑过程中导致可溶性果胶类多糖的释放量增加。结合生化与遗传分析,发现这些果胶类多糖会被多聚半乳糖醛酸内切酶ADPG1 (Arabidopsis Dehiscence Zone Polygalacturonase 1)切割,产生果胶寡糖分子,并激活下游抗病反应。相关研究成果以并列第一作者发表在《PNAS》杂志(Gallego-Giraldo and Liu et al.,2020)。
在后续工作中,我们通过遗传筛选手段,根据植物体内抗病基因表达水平,筛选ccr1细胞壁防御信号抑制突变体。已分别鉴定到感知ccr1细胞壁变化的类受体激酶以及识别其寡糖信号的膜受体。并且从ADPG1的水解细胞壁的产物中鉴定到一个不同于已知的损伤相关分子模式的植物细胞壁寡糖分子,能够诱导抗病反应。

Robert Hooke在1665年发表了《显微图谱》(Micrographia)一书。书中描述了他用自制的显微镜观 察到软木薄片里的小孔, 称之为pores或cells。尽管cell后来被认为是生物体的基本结构和功能单元, 中文 翻译为细胞。当时Hooke使用cell一词只是比作修道院中供修道士住宿的一个一个的小房间。现在看来, 当时Hooke在软木薄片中观察的“cell”与现代生物学中的cell是完全不同的, 实际上他所观察的是植物体 中死的细胞壁。
长期以来, 植物细胞壁一直被认为是一种没有活性的结构, 对其化学组成和物理结构进行大量的研 究和阐述。植物细胞壁的化学组成包括纤维素, 半纤维素和果胶(这两类化合物有时又统称为非纤维素 多糖), 木质素, 以及细胞壁蛋白等。近20年以来, 利用分子遗传学、细胞生物学、生物化学、基因组学 等研究手段和技术, 对细胞壁合成开展了大量的研究, 解析了纤维素合成、半纤维素合成、果胶合成、 木质素合成的主要代谢途径与关键基因。另一方面, 细胞壁储存着植物所积累的绝大部分光合产物, 是 地球上最丰富、可再生的生物质资源, 是生产纤维、纸浆、木材、食品化工、生物能源等的主要原材料。围绕如何高效利用可再生的细胞壁生物质资源, 对细胞壁进行基因工程改造的研究取得了许多重要 进展, 如调控木质素含量和单体组成、纤维素含量和结构、半纤维素结构和组成、果胶结构和组成等。
Drought stress induces secondary cell wall thickening and lignin deposition in plants, resulting in reduced cellulose utilization efficiency . Drought stress also leads to the accumulation of abscisic acid, triggering the activation of the abscisic acid signaling pathway. Previous research has demonstrated that Arabidopsis NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTOR1 (NST1), a master transcription factor that regulate secondary cell wall formation and lignin deposition in stem interfascicular fibers, is activated via the highly conserved phosphorylation site of the NST1 protein, through the ABA signaling pathway. The modification of NST1 phosphorylation site may provide a theoretical basis for precise regulation of cell wall lignin content, thus leading to reasonable improvements in wood fiber properties under drought condition.
The ABA signaling pathway involves the formation of complexes between ABA, PYLS, and ABI1 type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C), resulting in the release of the inhibition of SnRK2 protein kinases inhibition by PP2Cs. In the absence of ABA, PP2Cs repress SnRK2s, thereby blocking ABA signaling. The Arabidopsis thaliana abscisic acid insensitive 1-1 (abi1-1) mutant, which exhibit a dominant negative phenotype, can still inhibit downstream kinase release in the presence of ABA, thereby blocking the ABA signaling pathway. Thus, to block ABA signaling in poplar trees, we introduced the Arabidopsis abi1-1 allele. In addition, we overexpressed a poplar NCED3 gene, which encodes the key rate-limiting enzyme NINE-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 3 in the ABA biosynthesis pathway, driven by a constitutive promoter to generate poplar plants with increased ABA content. We will use these two transgenic lines to investigate the role of ABA in drought-induced secondary cell wall accumulation in the vascular tissues of trees.
NST1, a member of the NAC transcription factor family, is involved in the regulation of lignin biosynthesis genes. The ABA signaling pathway is critical for the phosphorylation of NST1 by the SnRK2s kinase, which leads to the activation of transcriptional regulation of lignin synthesis genes and ultimately, an increase in lignin content. Sequence comparisons of homologous NST1 proteins in different plant species indicate that the phosphorylation site is highly conserved in dicotyledonous plants. Drought stress induces the accumulation of lignin in poplar, and it is speculated that the increased ABA content in response to drought stress activates the transcription of lignin synthesis genes by phosphorylating NST1, resulting in lignin accumulation. It is proposed that editing the phosphorylation site of NST1 may block the ABA-induced lignin accumulation while preserving the ABA-mediated drought resistance response. This approach could potentially create plants with altered lignin content under drought condition, which may have applications in areas such as biofuels and paper production.

发表论文
| Title | Year | Cited By |
|---|---|---|
Hasi Yu, Chang Liu, Richard A Dixon Biotechnology for biofuels 14 (1), (1-12), 2021 | 2021 | 12 |
Chang Liu, Hasi Yu, Laigeng Li PLoS genetics 2019 | 2019 | 41 |
Chang Liu, Hasi Yu, Aline Voxeur, Xiaolan Rao, Richard A Dixon Science Advances 11 (10), (eadf7714), 2023 | 2023 | 15 |
Chang Liu, Hasi Yu, Xiaolan Rao, Laigeng Li, Richard A Dixon Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118 (5), (e2010911118), 2021 | 2021 | 104 |
Lina Gallego-Giraldo, Chang Liu, Sara Pose-Albacete, Sivakumar Pattathil, Angelo Gabriel Peralta, Jenna Young, Jan Westpheling, Michael G Hahn, Xiaolan Rao, J Paul Knox, Barbara De Meester, Wout Boerjan, Richard A Dixon |
Wood formation, also known as xylogenesis, is the process through which a woody plant produces wood. It involves the differentiation and development of specialized cells called xylem cells, which comprise most of the plant's woody tissue.
Wood formation is a complex process that occurs in two main phases: primary growth and secondary growth. It is a fascinating area of study that requires a deep understanding of plant biology and molecular mechanisms.
Primary Growth: During primary growth, the primary xylem cells, such as the apical meristem, are produced in the growing tips of the plant. These cells elongate and differentiate into the primary xylem, which forms the initial framework for water and mineral transport within the plant. The primary xylem cells have thin cell walls and large lumens for efficient water movement.
Secondary Growth: In woody plants, secondary growth is responsible for the bulk of wood formation. It occurs in the vascular cambium, a layer of meristematic tissue located between the xylem and phloem. The vascular cambium produces new cells towards the stem or root's interior (xylem) and exterior (phloem).
• Secondary Xylem (Wood): The vascular cambium cells produced towards the interior differentiate into secondary xylem or wood. These cells are specialized for water conduction and structural support. They have thicker cell walls containing lignin, a polymer that provides strength and durability to wood. The secondary xylem cells accumulate in annual rings, forming a pattern that can be seen in a cross-section of a tree trunk.
• Secondary Phloem: The cells produced towards the exterior by the vascular cambium differentiate into secondary phloem. The secondary phloem is responsible for transporting sugars and other nutrients from the leaves to different plant parts.
Our group is at the forefront of** exploring the molecular basis of wood formation**. This involves studying the genes, proteins, and molecular mechanisms that regulate the processes of cell differentiation, cell division, cell wall biosynthesis, and other biochemical pathways involved in wood development. Our research has the potential to revolutionize tree breeding efforts, aiding in the development of faster-growing, resilient, and high-quality trees.
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| 2020 |
| 63 |
Chang Liu, Shuai Zheng, Jinshan Gui, Chenjian Fu, Hasi Yu, Dongliang Song, Junhui Shen, Peng Qin, Xuanming Liu, Bin Han, Yuanzhu Yang, Laigeng Li Molecular Plant 11 (2), (288-299), 2018 | 2018 | 107 |